Alpha Lipoic Acid ALA, DLThioctic Acid, in Aqua, alcohol.
Ingredients:Technical Specs
It is sometimes called the Univeral Antioxidant, because it neutralizes free radicals in both the fatty and watery regions of cells, in contrast to vitamin C which is water soluble (most varieties) and vitamin E which is fat soluble. It directly recycles and extends the metabolic lifespans of vitamin C and Coenzyme Q10, and it indirectly renews vitamin E.
Used at .5 -1% in the water phase of lotions or creams.